Crisis is the best time for changes in economic strategy. Energy is no longer Russia's main source of income. It is necessary to develop domestic production, especially in industries traditionally dependent on imports. For example, the share of imports in Russian mechanical engineering (especially machine tool industry) reaches 60-80%, in oil and gas equipment - up to 70%, pharmaceuticals - up to 70-80%, and in electronic and light industry reaches 90%. Unfortunately, it is impossible to quickly solve this problem: import substitution is a long and complex process. However, the first “swallows” of future changes have already appeared.
We present to your attention the five best examples of import substitution in Russia in 2014-2015.
5. Oil and gas industry and petroleum engineering
One of Rosneft’s new projects is the new Zvezda production complex, which is creating a shipbuilding base. The Russian Factoring Company, together with Surgutneftegaz, is engaged in the construction of fracking equipment. Uralmash is developing a drive system for drilling rigs. Perm Engineering Company is testing a new complex of rotary controlled system.
Gazprom approached the need for import substitution: it imposed a ban on the purchase of foreign equipment to all of its units. In addition, the company has created a register of imported equipment used so that any engineering company wishing to develop a new market knows what there is a request for. Gazprom is ready to test the test samples live and, in case of a successful result, immediately acquire it.
4. Agricultural engineering
Concern Tractor Plants has invested 700 million rubles in the creation of wheeled tractors with an automatic control system. The potential demand for such tractors until 2020 is about 160 units. It is planned that the profit by this time will amount to 1.2 billion rubles.
3. The military industry
The import substitution rating included a program for the development of strategic nuclear forces, which refused the participation of manufacturers from Ukraine. Now the Topol-M, Yars and Bulava missile systems are made entirely of components of domestic production. A new Sarmat missile has already gone into production. Own air-to-air missiles also appeared, and the powerful Russian army began to receive the Moscow-1 electronic warfare systems created with the latest technology.
2. Software
1C and Acronis companies are engaged in software production and successfully withstand many years of competition with foreign manufacturers. ERP-system "1C: Enterprise" successfully competes with Microsoft, SAP and Oracle. At present, 1C has 30% of the Russian ERP market in money. The number of installations at 1C in the Russian Federation is greater than at SAP around the world.
1. Agricultural and dairy products
Import substitution contributes to an increase in the share of domestic production - especially in such sectors as pig farming, poultry farming, production of cheese, butter and partly herring. According to the mayor of Moscow, 90% of the dairy products market in the city is already occupied by domestic products.
But, unfortunately, many manufacturers, in pursuit of a long ruble, fill store shelves with counterfeit goods. For example, according to Rosstat, the import of palm oil and its derivatives into Russia has grown to 260 thousand tons; it is used to produce cheap and low-grade dairy products.
The best example of import substitution in the marketusing only domestic raw materials in production - “Lianozovsky Dairy Plant”. Recently, the plant launched a new workshop, which began to process dry whey obtained during the production of dairy products (it is used in the baking, confectionery and meat industries). 7.5 million euros were invested in the workshop, of which about a third was invested in Russian-made equipment. The plant also opened a new packaging line and invested 21 million in the production of containers for bottling milk.
